In the first place in a changing work environment corrosive and unstable operation equipment exposed to corrosive wear of columns, tanks, heat exchangers and piping corps. In these circumstances, in addition to general corrosion serious problem for the integrity of the equipment are local types of corrosion (pitting, intergranular) and stress corrosion cracking, and the prediction and control of existing tools is now extremely complex and ambiguous.
On the process flow of local corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, a significant influenced by a number of specific factors of equipment processing plants.
These specific factors are:
- application of chemical-technological methods of protection equipment, including and the use of inhibitors;
the operation of steaming
- vessels and pipelines before renovations works with the formation of corrosive condensates;
- downtime during repair work or other reasons, if the equipment corrosive deposits together with atmospheric moisture and oxygen.
Solving the problem of corrosion protection equipment of oil production is not possible without a detailed analysis of the features and causes metal corrosion damage during operation, both in routine and different from the routine mode. An important role is the human factor and system methodology to monitor the working environment and corrosion events held during the neutralization of corrosive elements present in the working environment in the mining process and oil. Today, most experts accept the corrosion process as a constant and stable process, which departs from the work on the fixed rate of corrosion over time. Usually the period of determining the corrosion rate of once a month. Unfortunately, in the real situation on the effect of corrosive elements on corrosion carries a different character, associated primarily with changes in the conditions and the composition of the medium on the oil treatment plants. Studies have shown that corrosion can occur due to changes in the conditions of the extraction process, even after several years of steady service, and led to intense pitting. Usually corroded by specialists for corrosion only when the problem became critical and as soon as it is resolved, everything is back to "normal" routine ways of working until the next "unexpected" manifestations of corrosion. In most cases, the organization of anti-corrosion measures are monitoring corrosion using autonomous means of measurements based on the methods of weight loss (coupons), ultrasonic thickness (UST), and analytical control environment. In this case, the information obtained about the corrosion of equipment has the process variables over time, and only the data of average dimensions, which is not enough to determine the causes and conditions of corrosive environment.
Analysis of the effectiveness of anti-corrosion activities at the enterprises of oil production in the Russian Federation is now shown that there is a strong dependence of the efficiency of obtaining data on the corrosive environments and works with the timeframe for subsequent evaluation, analysis and conclusions of the results. Upon receipt of the findings it is important to have a systematic evaluation of the methods applied to risk of possible failures to actually dangerous directions of equipment, and the use of preventive measures and activities that best reduce the likelihood of failure and the risk of damaged items.
Anti - corrosive activities could have the effect only when the increase in the performance of human potential the right decisions. Examples are not the right use of corrosion control measures - such as the wrong choice and the use of inhibitors and their concentration, the material performance, the type of coating process conditions and disorders. Failure, and sometimes a lack of monitoring of corrosion by controlling corrosion situation.
Ineffective use of anti-corrosion measures impact on the ecological impact on the environment, the loss of expensive chemicals, contamination of the process streams of corrosion products, reduced efficiency, productivity and production stop.